·    No glyphs given in K&H, K&L, 25EMC.

·    Readings:

o Guenter-TKJP.p27 (2007): YOON? (with a question mark).

o Villalobos-EGM-KJP.p89 (2017): “?”.

o TOK.p30.r4.c2 (2012): YOK’IN?.

o TOK.p30.r4.c2 (2017): YOON?.

o BMM9.p18.pdfp18.r4.c1 (2019): YOK’IN?.

·    Mammal head with infixed K’IN.

·    Variants (2) – features:

o A. Head of leaf-nosed bat: TOK.p30.r4.c2; PAL PT P13, PAL TI ET Q1 and  QRG Stela F A9a / C9a.

o B. Head of rodent (i.e. not a leaf-nosed bat): PAL TI ET R1 & S6 & T6; PAL TI CT A10 & B10 & H10 & I1, and QRG Stela A C11 & QRG Stela F A9b / C9b.

·    MHD assigns them two distinct blcodes: MHD.AP5 (dog-head) and MHD.AW4 (bat-head).

o A search in MHD on “blcodes contains AP5” produces 65 hits:

§ The infixed K’IN is very often over the eye, but not always: sometimes it’s in the bottom right.

§ It is MHD which identifies the mammal head as a dog (which seems very plausible to me).

o A search in MHD on “blcodes contains AW4” produces 24 hits:

§ The infixed K’IN is very often over the eye, but not always.

§ Sometimes it’s in the bottom right (as in the Catalog example MHD.AW4.1). In that case, the (optional) darkness property marker (AK’AB) normally in the bottom right has been displaced to the top of the head.

·    MHD does not commit to any reading for both MHD.AP5 and MHD.AW4 (not even a tentative one with question marks).

·    MHD glosses its yo-??-ni entries with the semantic marker “title”.

·    Bonn has the same approach as MHD and also assigns them two distinct blcodes: 0734st (dog-head) and 1546st (bat-head).

o Bonn also doesn’t venture a tentative reading for either glyph.

o Bonn recognizes 0734ex – a reduced variant of the dog-head/0734st, being just the infixed K’IN.

§ The “-ex” in the code stands for “extraction” and indicates where a particularly distinctive component of a glyph is “extracted” to represent the whole glyph.

§ What distinguishes this from a “regular” (abstract variant of) K’IN is the fact that the “flower” is much smaller within the boulder outline. In the regular K’IN, there’s either no bold perimeter or (if there is one, then) the outer perimeter of the K’IN comes quite close to the (bold) perimeter of the boulder outline. In contrast, in the reduced variant of “YOON”, there is a lot of white space between the boulder outline and the K’IN in the centre.

o Bonn doesn’t have a reduced variant of the bat-head/1546st, perhaps because there’s no way of telling that such a K’IN is extracted from a bat-head rather than a dog-head, once the head is no longer present.

·    As is the case with MHD, Bonn also does not commit to any reading for both the dog-head/0734st and the bat head/1546st (not even a tentative one with question marks).

·    Further considerations based on MHD stats:

o The dog head is much more common than the bat head (65 vs. 24 respectively).

o A large number of the hits have either an initial yo or a final ni, or both (though some have neither).

o We don’t even know if the K’IN is an independent component (i.e. to be read out as k’in) or an integral part of the glyph (making the logogram what it is, and not read out as k’in).

o The initial yo or a final ni occur with either the rodent head or the bat head, suggesting that they are both pronounced in the same way.

o Particularly interesting is QRG Stela F A9 / C9, which has a bat head at A9a / C9a and a dog head at A9b / C9b.

o I’m inclined to treat them as variants of the same glyph because in the PAL TI inscriptions balun chan <x> waklajuun <x’> is a fixed, recurring pattern, but it's not the case that <x> (which goes with balun chan) is always a bat head and <x'> (which goes with waklajuun (no chan)) is always the rodent head. Instead you get it the other way around also. That implies that they are the same word, and that the choice of bat head or rodent head is arbitrary.

·    Both the reading and the meaning of this logogram is not very certain. The only examples I know are from PAL and QRG, and none of the papers I have read on it have ventured to say what yoon might mean. Villalobos-EGM-KJP.p85.fn197: Some years ago, Nikolai Grube proposed that this logographic sign could be read ON or YON. Due to the fact that it usually carries a yo affix —which can mark an initial logogram complement or perhaps the presence of a prevocalic ergative pronoun y-—, and a ni phonogram as a final phonetic complement, some epigraphers point out that their reading is yook'in. However, this proposal is not entirely satisfactory, although we know that [its] presence is related to expressions of kinship, dynastic sequences and forecasts present in the almanacs of the codices. See Nikolai Grube, “The Auguries”, in Notebook for the XXIst Maya Hieroglyphic Forum at Texas, Austin, The University of Texas at Austin, 1997, p. 79-88; Erik Velasquez Garcia, Los vasos de la entidad política de ’Ik’..., p. 662-667. [Sim:

o Other epigraphers have perhaps introduced a -k’- into the reading because of the K’IN as an element.

o It’s unclear to me whether Villalobos considers the reading ON/YON or yook'in (or both) to be not entirely satisfactory – probably the former.]

·    EB.p211.pdfp216.#5: yok’in cn. Yok’in (title). [Sim: there are examples like K558 O (?-ni), K2206 K (yo-?-ni), K2352 M (yo-?-ni), which EB might have based its reading on.]

·    EB.p211.pdfp216.fn296: These two variants employ different signs for ’OK, namely a dog head (ok “dog”) and a bat head (the origin of which still eludes me). The item yok k’in, if correctly deduced, perhaps is derived from *y-ok-k’in “the (y-) base/foot (-ok) of the sun (k’in).” The spelling yo-K’IN-ni > yo[k] k’in can be explained through a process of elision. [Dorota: there is an instance with the dog-head variant (K2206) and an instance with the bat-head variant (K558) where they either both refer to the same person, or if not the same person, then at least to the same title. This is because the title in both instances is connected with nohol. This in turn means that both the dog-head and the bat-head are the same glyph.]

·    Occurrances – this title is found in a number of forms (names/titles) in PAL and QRG:

o PAL Palace Tablet: Ucha’ Tal Yoon (“The Second Yoon”) – an extended name/title of K’inich K’an Joy Chitam II, a son of Pakal the Great and ruler of PAL.

o PAL Temple of the Inscriptions, East Tablet and Central Tablet: Balun Chan Yoon, Waklajuun Yoon (“Nine Sky Yoon”, “Sixteen Yoon”) – the name of a deity.

o QRG Stela A: Nohol Chan Yoon (“The South Sky Yoon”) – an extended name/title of K’ahk’ Tiliw Chan Yopaat, a ruler of QRG.

o QRG Stela F: Waklajuun Yoon, Balun Yoon (“Sixteen Yoon”, “Nine Yoon”) – an extended name/title of K’ahk’ Tiliw Chan Yopaat, a ruler of QRG.