·     Literally: “(the) flint (and the) shield of” or “(the) flints (and the) shields of”.

·     The meaning has been rendered in a wide variety of ways, ranging from the very literal “(the) flint(s) (and the) shield(s) of” to the semi-metaphorical “the army of” (with the flints and shields” standing for the “army”, to the very metaphorical “military might of” (the most “abstract” interpretation of the phrase).

·     This is an example of “diphrastic kenning”, where a single concept is expressed as a phrase containing two either parallel or opposing concepts, as a metaphor or in poetic usage.

·     The u- needs to be repeated in front of the pakal. If it’s not “physically” repeated in the script (and it often is), or if a “doubler” element isn’t used (also possible), then the single u- will (visually) “straddle" the took’ and the pakal, to show that it applies to both. In all cases, a u- should be read out twice, once before took’ and once before pakal.