·     The usual phrase is tahn ch’een <X> = “in the city of <X>” – literally “in the centre of the caves, (at) <X>”, where the major buildings (e.g. “temples”) are metaphorically speaking “caves”.

·     Sergei Vepretskii: tahn ch’een refers to being in a city in general, whereas tahn-ha’ is being at part of a place name, not necessarily a city.