·     The word kakaw occurs very often in the PSS of Maya ceramics. It often occurs in the phrase yuk’ib <descriptor> kakaw = “(this is the) drinking vessel (for) <descriptor> cacao”, which specifies the type of cacao consumed in that vessel. The <descriptor> can be not just an attributive adjective like “fresh”, “hot”, “sweet”, etc, but also nouns acting as qualifiers – perhaps for a substance mixed in with the cacao. AT-YT2021-lecture11.t0:39:20-42:35 explains the various types:

o ach’: “fresh”.

o ibil: “bean”.

o k’an: “ripe”.

o kabil: “honey”.

o sa’al: “gruel-like” or “mixed with maize”.

o suutz: “cherry”.

o tikal: “hot” or “fermented”.

o tzah: “sweet”.

o yutal: “fruity”.

Tokovinine explains that it’s unclear whether kakaw means the fruity pulp around the beans or the fermented beans themselves.

In addition to the types listed by Tokovinine in this lecture, there is/are also:

o ich: “chili” (only one known instance, see ich = “chili”).

o ixiim te’(el): “maize tree”, although this might not be maize itself, but a different plant called a “maize” tree.

o paaj: “sour”/“fermented”.

o tzih(il): “fresh”.