·    While Xukuup seems to have been the name for (the toponym of the main site of) CPN, Ihk’ Xukuup seems to have been a toponym associated with CPN’s vassal and later rival, QRG – Ihk’ Xukuup is simply Xukuup preceded by the word Ihk’ (= “black”).

·    Both Xukuup and Ihk’ Xukuup are used in very similar ways, for CPN and QRG, respectively. One difference is that Xukuup for CPN appears as K’uhul Xukuup Ajaw (=“The Holy Lord of CPN”, i.e., is an EG) while Ihk’ Xukuup for QRG appears only as Ihk’ Xukuup Ajaw (“The Lord of QRG”). This is even after the QRG successfully threw off the overlordship of CPN, becoming for all intents and purposes an “independent” polity, charting its own way by subduing neighbouring cities, and with its own extensive and intensive building program. For unknown reasons, the QRG rulers never styled themselves K’uhul Ihk’ Xukuup Ajaw.

·    The same uncertainty exists with Ihk’ Xukuup for QRG as with Xukuup for CPN, as to whether the bat-head glyph is appropriately read as xu.

·    It’s unclear to me what the connection is (if any) between the xukpi ritual object used in some dances (featured on two YAX lintels) and these toponyms of CPN and QRG. All of them seem to be made up of the same three glyphs:

o The head of a leaf-nosed bat – perhaps xu.

o An infixed KAWAK (sometimes just the “pond”) – perhaps ku.

o A bracket and KAWAK (or two KAWAK’s) – perhaps pi.

If these are indeed xu-ku-pi, then this gives xukuup or xukpi. In all probability, they are the same word, whatever the correct reading might be. Purely for the sake of convenience, I transcribe the ritual object as xukpi and the QRG/CPN toponym as xukuup, though both could be either reading (or not even xuk-, if the bat-head isn’t xu). See also xukuup and xukpi.

·    The main title of the rulers of QRG has a main sign with a vine/gourd rotated 90 degrees clockwise, nicknamed “TOL”, but Ihk’ Xukuup Ajaw was an additional title.