·     Typically, the “full bird head” variant of syllabogram a is conflated with syllabogram k’e.

·     Context of occurrences:

o BPK-LAC Unprovenanced Column C3: The inscription recounts the celebration of the 13-year anniversary of rulership of the K’uhul Ajaw of Ak’e.

o Denver-Brussels Panel D4: Ak’e was one of the victims of an attack by K’ab Chan Te’, the ruler of Sak Tz’i’. This was a result of an attack on Sak Tz’i’ by Pe’tuun (and probably Ak’e), which in turn was a result of a hostile act by K’ab Chan Te’, the ruler of Sak Tz’i’ towards Piedras Negras.

o LAC Panel 1 D4: The inscription recounts how Aj Sak Teles was an Anaab and Ch’ahoom, and also a Sajal of “Trophy-Head Jaguar” (a.k.a. “Knot-Eye Jaguar”), the ruler of Ak’e and Xukalnaah. Aj Sak Teles’ son would later become the Lord of Xukalnaah and Ak’e, and claim the same status for Aj Sak Teles, though it’s unclear if this was in fact true.

·       PNG Panel 2 G’3-H’3. While the main text has the obvious glyph-block labels, there are two slightly different systems of glyph-block labelling for the six kneeling vassal ajaws: .

o Schele&Miller-BoK:

§ Continues with Y-Z for the first.

§ Goes to A’-B’ to I’‑J’ for the remaining five.

§ Ends with K’-L’ for the son of the ruler.

o Pitts-BHPN:

§ Omits the use of Y-Z altogether.

§ Begins with A’-B’ to K’-L’ for the six.

§ Ends with M’-N’ for the son of the ruler.

The PNG Panel 2 label above follows the Pitts-BHPN convention. The example is part of the name of the fifth of the six kneeling vassal ajaws.

·     Ak’e and Xukal Naah:

o Schele&Miller-BoK.p149 treats both Ak’e and Xukal Naah as being equivalent EG’s for Bonampak.

o Martin-AMP.p74.l+9: The ak’e and xukalnaah(?) emblems traditionally attributed to Bonampak and Lacanha, in the Lacandon region south of the Usumacinta River, are difficult to ascribe to these sites individually, and are jointly held by a few kings in the latter stages of the Classic Period.

o Austin2021 (conference): Golden & Scherer repeat that the assigning of Ak’e and Xukal Naah to BPK and LAC (respectively) is not that definite.

o Dorota Bojkowska: Alex Safranov says that Xukal Naah is BPK.

o Martin-AMP.p395.r1.c5 and r2.c1 groups BPK and LAC as the same toponym. But Dorota Bojkowska has a note that Ak’e might be Plan de Ayutla, perhaps said by Golden & Scherer.

o Wagner-APMotXET has a good discussion of the shifting meanings of Ak’e Ajaw, Xukal Naah Ajaw, which site they might indicate (BPK, LAK, etc) and (changing over time) whether their rulers were vassals of YAX or independent.