·    Any number from “1” to “19” can be expressed in the bar-and-dot notation, where a bar represents “5” and a dot represents “1”.

·    In addition to the “bar-and-dot” notation, small and medium-sized numbers can be written as glyphs.

o Numbers from 0 to 19 – these all have a head variant, but some have additional variants on top of that:

§ 0:

·     0 has a head variant.

·     0 has a number of non-head variants:

o  Flower variant.

o  Horizontal hand variant.

o  Vertical hand variant.

o  Shell variant (mostly codices, but occasionally found in the older media).

§ Numbers from 1 to 9:

·     Each of these has an anthropomorphic head variant, i.e. a head which is that of a god or human being – see individual numbers for their distinguishing characteristics.

·     The following numbers have additional “non-head” variants:

o  1 has two additional non-head variants:

§  Pointing index-finger variant.

§  Jewel variant.

o  6 has one additional non-head variant:

§  An S-shaped element in a cartouche, with a knob at each end of the cartouche.

§ Numbers from 10 to 19:

·     10:

o  10 has a head variant which is based on a skull, and which has (like all glyphs based on skulls) a bone-jaw.

o  10 also has a head variant which is a conventional anthropomorphic head, but with bones in the headdress.

·      11 and 12 – these do not have a head variant based on a skull – they each have one variant based on an anthropomorphic head.

o  11: a head variant of KAB = “earth”.

o  12: a head variant of CHAN = “sky”.

11 and 12 are the only numbers from 10 to 19 without a skull with bone jaw variant (so they are in some senses more like the numbers from 0 to 9).

·      13-19:

o  Each of these has a head variant which is in principle the skull of “10” with the distinguishing characteristics of the head variant from 3 to 9 added to it, e.g.:

§  13 is a skull (representing “10”) with the distinguishing characteristics of the head variant of “3” added to it.

§  14 is a skull (representing “10”) with the distinguishing characteristics of the head variant of “4” added to it.

§  15 is a skull (representing “10”) with the distinguishing characteristics of the head variant of “5” added to it.

§  etc.

o  In addition to this, 13 has a head variant which is not based on a skull but is instead the Waterlily Serpent itself, read as “13” from context.

o Numbers 20 and above:

§ 20 is written with a moon-based glyph.

§ Numbers from 21 to 39 are written with the 20 and 1 to 19 (with the 1 to 19 preceding the 20).

o Numbers 40 and above (very few examples):

§ 40, 60, 80, etc are written “multiplicatively” with the number of dots followed by the 20:

·     2 dots with 20 writes 40.

·     3 dots with 20 writes 60.

·     Etc.

§ 41, 42, …, 61, 62, …, 81, 82, .. are written as 40, 60, 80, … followed by the relevant 1 to 19.