·     God-GIII of the Palenque Triad has a very long, complex name, with many parts. The very last part consists of K’INICH and then two glyphs, both of which have not yet been deciphered.

o Very last part (Part 1):

§ This is a glyph identified by MHD as PY2 and by Bonn as 0239st.

§ I have given it the nickname “MNA” = “Maybe Not Ajaw”.

§ For more information see “MNA”.

o Very last part (Part 2):

§ This is a glyph identified by MHD as ZD4 and by Bonn as 0594st.

§ I have given it the nickname “CHEQUERBOARD”.

§ “CHEQUERBOARD” often appears with a wa at the end, but this is optional.

§ TOK (TOK.p15.r5.c4) and Bonn (0594st) treat only the chequerboard as the glyph whereas MHD.ZD4 considers the wa-like element at the bottom to be an integral part of the glyph.

·     Do not confuse “CHEQUERBOARD” with some variants of PAKAL. They resemble one another because both can have the “chequerboard”. However:

o Context and the presence of a circle at each of the corners can determine PAKAL, as “CHEQUERBOARD” never has a circle at each of the corners.

o “CHEQUERBOARD” has bold walls and ceiling, which PAKAL never has.

o “CHEQUERBOARD” can have a wa-like element at the bottom, never present in PAKAL.

·     “CHEQUERBOARD” is most often a 4 x 4 grid, but Thompson gives an example of a 3 x 3 grid (T594a) and the Bonn example is a 6 x 6 grid (0594st). Indeed, it can be seen that most of the cases in the PAL Temple of Inscriptions are a 4 x 4 grid, but there are a few instances of a 3 x 3 grid (e.g. PAL TI WT A6).

o This glyph occurs most frequently as the very last part of the name/title of God-GIII of the Palenque Triad. While his full name is very long, it is often shortened to just this glyph, preceded by an AJAW-like glyph which is read by some as AJAW (though this may not be correct).

o Also, MC.p118.r3.#2 is given as a non-chequerboard variant of the God-GIII name/title. It has just a “KINICH-head” with a fish’s barbel, and a large square eye. I haven’t included it in the examples above as it doesn’t involve the “CHEQUERBOARD” glyph, and (furthermore) I’m really not sure of its status (whether it really is an independent way of writing the deity’s name).

·     The pronunciation and meaning of “CHEQUERBOARD” are unknown.

·     The naïve approach would be to read “MNA” as, indeed, AJAW, and to view the wa-suffix as its end phonetic complement (even though it’s attached to the “CHEQUERBOARD” rather than the “MNA”). For the sake of simplicity, all the bullet points which follow will do this. But it should be borne in mind that this is probably not correct, and the correct reading awaits the proper decipherment of “MNA”.

·     God-GIII’s full name (as appears in PAL TS D1-D6) is: K’inich Tajal Wayaab, K’in Tahn K’ewel, Tz’atz’ Naah, Sak Baak Naah Chapaat, Atin K’ahk’ T’i Miin, K’inich “Chequerboard” Ajaw; meaning (adapted from WagnerEtAl-TNNT.p7.table2): Glorious Torchy Dreamer/Shrine, Sun-Chest Pelt, Pool House, White Bone House Centipede, Who Bathed in Fire at SNB’s Mouth?, Glorious “Chequerboard” Lord. The variation in interpretation from WagnerEtAl-TNNT involves K’ewel = “Pelt” rather than “Feline” and “SNB” rather than “Sky”.

·     Robicsek&Hales-MHS.p86.para2.l+3 (1974): Altar 5 at Tikal portrays two kneeling figures, both in the guise of God-GIII of the Palenque Triad (otherwise known as Jaguar God of the Underworld, Night Sun, Patron of the Month Uo, and God of Number Seven). [Sim: this is a very old paper, so perhaps insights have progressed a lot more since then – it doesn’t mention the SNB part of his extended name/title and I’m unsure as to God-GIII’s connection to JGU – is it perhaps because of the cruller under the eye of the K’INICH?]

·     WagnerEtAl-TNNT.p5.para2 (2015): In the text from the Temple of the Sun, the term tz’atz’+nah forms part of an epithet of a supernatural related to GIII (Figure 1, Table 2), the local manifestation of the Sun God as a war and fire god and one of Palenque’s patron gods whose mythical birth is recorded in the panel’s inscription (cf. Berlin 1963, Kelley 1965, Lounsbury 1985, Stuart 2005, 2006). [Sim: this paper gives a detailed explanation of the full name of GIII. For the sake of completeness, it covers the more “obvious” (and long-understood) parts of the name; then goes into a bit more detail about atin (because it isn’t really obvious how this word functions in the whole name phrase); finally, it explains the decipherment of C3 as tz’atz’-naah (this is the main point of the paper, and where this decipherment was first given). There is one small aspect of the paper that I find puzzling: it makes an association between God-GIII and the Sun God K’inich. This doesn’t seem to take into account the idea that K’INICH can play two very different roles in a name/title:

o At the start of a name/title it’s an adjective meaning “glorious”, “radiant”, “effulgent” (qualifying what follows).

o At the end of a name/title it’s a reference to the Sun God K’inich (and what precedes it are specific attributes of this particular version of the Sun God.

In God-GIII’s name, the K’INICH appears at the start, and so is not (as far as I can see) a reference to the Sun God.]

·     Shorter forms of God-GIII’s name/title are common, but it’s found in its longest form on PAL TS D1-D6. Parts of the name/title are found in the name/title of a number of rulers.

·     Estrada-Belli&Tokovinine-LSAPiCMP.p208.pdfp14.para3 (talking about SUF = La Sufricaya): The sides of Stela 6 also depict deities. Since only the upper third of the monument has been found, it is impossible to know if there were two full figures or several floating heads, as on Stela 1. One of the two deities is Sun God with the tajal wayaab ("torch wayaab") epithet in the headdress (see figure 7-7c).

·     K1941 J is one of the fewer instances of “CHEQUERBOARD” which are not directly connected with the God-GIII of the Palenque Triad:

o The element which resembles wa is at the top instead of the bottom.

o I think this is supporting evidence that it’s not an end phonetic complement of AJAW, but instead an integral part of the “CHEQUERBOARD” glyph.

·     Occurrences of K'in Tahn K’ewel (formerly Bolay):

o Tokovinine-TPoP.p185.pdfp196.para.l+4: The other two references to Chak Tok Ich'aak’s grandfather are on Tikal Stela 7:B3 and Stela 3:D2 where the king is called “the grandson of Tsik'in Bahlam” and “the grandson of K'in Tahn Bolay Tsik'in Bahlam sak chuwen” (Tokovinine and Fialko 2007:10-12,Fig.15a-c). Now when we know that there was an early Classic Naranjo ruler named Tsik'in Bahlam, the most plausible explanation of these statements is that Tsik'in Bahlam of Naranjo was Chak Tok Ich'aak’s grandfather. Taking into account what we know about the Tikal dynasty, Tsik'in Bahlam was likely the father of Chak Tok Ich'aak’s mother (Tokovinine and Fialko 2007:12,Fig.16). The timing of such dynastic marriage could not be more appropriate as Tikal was at the peak of its Early Classic political expansion and its influence extended to the north and to the south of Naranjo (Martin and Grube 2000:35; Estrada Belli, et al. 2006).

o Tokovinine&Fialko-St45oN.p11.c2.para-1.l-1-p12.c1.para1.l+3: The text on Stela 7 would then mention the period ending supervised by the “grandson of Tzik’in Bahlam”, whereas the inscription on Stela 3 would refer to Chak Tok Ich’aak II as the “grandson of K’in Tahn Bolay Tzik’in Bahlam Sak Chuwen”.

o Prager-ÜAidKMR.p242.pdfp256.para1.l-13: Aus den klassischen Texten sind Kompositionen wie etwa der Eigenname der way-Akteure chak tahn waax “rotbäuchiger Fuchs” (Kerr 927, Kerr 1901) (vgl. Grube und Nahm 1994) oder k'in tahn bolay “sonnenbäuchiger Jaguar” (YAX St. 18) bekannt. [English: The names of the way actors such as chak tahn waax “red-bellied fox” (Kerr 927, Kerr 1901) (cf. Grube and Nahm 1994) and k'in tahn bolay “sun-bellied jaguar” (YAX St. 18) are known.]