·     No glyphs given in K&H, K&L, BMM9, 25EMC.

·     Variants (3):

o A. Full form – vertically stacked, two-part – features:

§ Top – tripartite:

·       Left: ka-comb.

·       Centre: a smaller version of “bottom”.

·       Right: mirrored ka-comb.

§ Bottom: similar to top, but without ka-combs:

·       Bold ceiling or bold walls and ceiling.

·       Two vertical bands, dividing the space into three:

o    Left: Parallel short horizontal lines ending on the right in a dot.

o    Middle: crossed bands.

o    Right: Parallel short horizontal lines ending on the left in a dot.

The resulting bottom component is symmetrical.

The above description is the most complex (i.e. full) variant. There are no known examples, and it is given only as a basis for describing the variants which do actually occur. There are two ways the sub-components can vary, with combinations of the two ways possible:

o B. Reduced form:

§ Only the top half of the full form (the bottom half might be covered by another conflated glyph, leaving the top half to “stick out of the top”).

o C. Simplified form – The bottom half is asymmetric/bipartite rather than symmetric/tripartite:

§ There is only a single vertical band rather than two.

§ This vertical band divides the bottom into two rather than three parts.

§ The old left and middle part become the new left and right part and the old right part disappears.

Obviously, these two variations can be combined: the symmetric/tripartite bottom can be asymmetric/bipartite (in both top and bottom), and only the top half might be present. It seems that the theoretically “fullest” form (crossed bands in the middle, symmetric/tripartite in both top and bottom, with symmetric ka-combs on the top) never occurs – when it’s symmetric/tripartite in both top and bottom, then the symmetric ka-combs on the top disappear (=0029ex).

·     The examples show the various possibilities:

o TOK.p34.r3.c1, MHD.ZX1.2, 0029bv have both top and bottom, but the bottom part is symmetric (has the crossed bands in the middle) while the top part is asymmetric (has the crossed bands on the right).

o MHD.ZX1.1 has both the top and the bottom and both are asymmetric (has cross-bands on the right rather than in the middle).

o T29, 0029bt have only the top part and it is asymmetric (cross-bands on the right rather than in the middle).

o 0029ex have both top and bottom and both top and bottom are symmetric (have crossed bands in the middle), but the top lacks the left and right ka-combs.

o 0029dt has only the top part, but lacks the right ka-comb.

o Most of the real-life examples I’ve included resemble MHD.ZX1.1

·     This glyph can be found on CLK Structure Sub1-4 SE-E1 (once), CNC Panel 1 (three times), PNG Panel 3 (once), PNG Throne 1 (twice, both Left and Right Leg), and YAX HS3 Step 1 (once).

o With reference to the occurrence at CNC Panel 1 L4, it is conjectured that it might be an architectural structure or a type of building, in the same way as a pyramid, plaza, temple, palace, stairway, etc is, or perhaps a physical object (lost reference).

o With reference to the occurrences on the PNG monuments, it occurs in the expression AJ-1-?-na-ku:

§ One interpretation is that the “1” is a single dot between two fillers, but it (including the two “fillers”) could also be ya, as an initial phonetic complement to the main sign.

§ If it is indeed a “1”, it could be a morpheme in its own right, and read aloud as Juun.

§ Pitts-BHPN.p164 (PNG Throne 1 Q-R): <SIH:ya>.ja <AJ:1:?>.<na:ku> è sihyaj aj juun ? na’ak = “he was born, Aj Juun ? Na’ak”. As the whole throne was carved for Yat Ahk II, this refers to his birth, and shows that it’s his pre-accession name. This is why AJ-1-?-na-ku occurs three times on PNG Throne 1 and once on PNG Panel 3.

o With reference to the occurrence at YAX HS3 Step 1 D9, it occurs in the expression AJ-1-?-ba-ki è Aj Juun ? Baak:

§ Without this instance, one might be tempted to that “Aj Juun ?” is always followed by na-ku, but here we see it followed by ba-ki.

·     AT-YT2021-lecture25.t0:19:30-20:14 discusses this glyph in connection with PNG Panel 3 U11. He ventures the opinion that it’s a number – he speculates “400”, making U11 = 1 x 400. He then tentatively offers the meaning na.ku è nak = “conquest(s)”, explaining that there would be some exaggeration and one-upmanship in a ruler giving himself the title of “He of 400 conquests”.

o Campillo-ECdlTJM.p615 – working with a drawing of YAX HS 3 Step 1 where D9a is much more eroded – translates this glyph as “mil” (Spanish) = “1000”. He seems to give no additional explanation, but it does show (as with Tokovinine’s proposal) that “a certain number” fits into the syntax here.

o EB.p134.pdfp139.#5, EB.p218.pdfp223.#16, EB.p248.pdfp253.#28 give nak- “to conquer”, with the example u-na-ka-wa è unakaw = “he conquers”, giving as reference DPL HS 2 Center Step 3.

o Sim: could this be the missing word bak’ for “400”, the “gap” for the missing word bak’ in “bak’tun”? This thought has made me give this glyph the nickname “BAK’” (note the glottalized-k as final consonant).